How does the ruminant lower gut microbiota play a central role in the ruminant digestive system?
Within the ruminant digestive system, the ruminant lower gut microbiota performs functions as varied as microbial fermentation in the caecum and colon (Zened A. et al., 2020), development and differentiation of the ruminant lower gut mucosal epithelium and mucosal immune system and protection of the ruminant against infections through 3 levels of defense (Chase C., Kaushik R.S., 2019).
The ruminant lower gut microbiota, guarantor of ruminant physiology and optimal performance
Hormonal products of the ruminant lower gut microbiota absorbed into the bloodstream and transported through the body have the capacity to interact with and affect the function, regulation, and behavior of distal organs and systems of the ruminant digestive system.
This includes important effects on organs such as the liver and cardiovascular system, and implications for ruminant physiology and metabolism. Recent research indicates that the scope of the ruminant lower gut microbiota also extends to impacts on the brain and behavior (called gut-brain axis). This illustrates the potential impact of the ruminant digestive system on ruminant physiology and well-being (O’Callaghan T.F. et al., 2016).
FAQ About the lower gut microbiota
A balanced lower gut microbiota supports:
- Nutrient absorption
- Immune system development
- Protection against pathogens
It also produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which help maintain intestinal health and reduce inflammation.